\ucee4\uc2a4\ud140 Queue \ud074\ub798\uc2a4\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\ub294\ub370 queue\uc758 item\uc740 \ucd94\ud6c4\uc5d0 \ubcc0\uacbd \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud15c\ud50c\ub9bf\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. Queue class\ub97c header\uc5d0 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uad6c\ud604\uc744 cpp \ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc791\uc131\ud574 \uc900\ub2e4\uc74c main \ud568\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 queue\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ucef4\ud30c\uc77c\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\ub2e4\uc74c\uc740 \ud574\ub2f9 template\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 caller(main \ud568\uc218)\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\/\/\n\/\/ C++ template instantiation test.\n\/\/\n\/\/ - litcoder\n\n#include <iostream>\n#include \"queue.h\"\n\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n \/\/ Create an integer type queue.\n queue<int> q;\n\n \/\/ Push elements from the queue.\n q.push(0);\n q.push(1);\n q.push(2);\n\n \/\/ Pop and print all elements.\n while (! q.empty()) {\n cout << \"Popped: \" << q.pop() << endl;\n }\n\n return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubcc4 \ubb38\uc81c \uc5c6\uc744\uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc548\ud0c0\uae5d\uac8c\ub3c4 \ube4c\ub4dc\ub294 \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacf5\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4e0 method\uac00 \ub9c1\ucee4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud558\ub098\ub3c4 \ube60\uc9d0\uc5c6\uc774 “undefined reference” \uc624\ub958\ub97c \ubc49\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ make\ng++ -g -Wall -c -o queue.o queue.cpp\ng++ -g -Wall -c -o main.o main.cpp\ng++ -o qtest queue.o main.o\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: main.o: in function `main':\n\/home\/litcoder\/Downloads\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:12: undefined reference to `queue<int>::queue()'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:15: undefined reference to `queue<int>::push(int)'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `queue<int>::push(int)'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `queue<int>::push(int)'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:21: undefined reference to `queue<int>::pop()'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `queue<int>::empty()'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:25: undefined reference to `queue<int>::~queue()'\n\/usr\/bin\/ld: \/home\/litcoder\/cpptemplate\/main.cpp:25: undefined reference to `queue<int>::~queue()'\ncollect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status\nmake: *** [Makefile:7: qtest] Error 1\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uacb0\ucc45\uc740 \uc0dd\uac01\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c\ub370, cpp\ud30c\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub85c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud588\ub358 \uad6c\ud604 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 header file\uc5d0 \ub450\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (\ud574\uce58\uc6e0\ub098?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ make\ng++ -g -Wall -c -o queue.o queue.cpp\ng++ -g -Wall -c -o main.o main.cpp\ng++ -o qtest queue.o main.o\n$ .\/qtest\nPopped: 0\nPopped: 1\nPopped: 2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\uc65c undefined reference \uc624\ub958\uac00 \ub0ac\uc744\uae4c?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Queue.o\uac00 \ube4c\ub4dc\ub410\uc73c\ub2c8 \uac70\uae30 \ubcf4\uba74 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \uc800 method\ub4e4\uc774 \uc120\uc5b8\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744\ud150\ub370 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ube4c\ub4dc\ub41c symbol\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc790,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ objdump -t .\/queue.o\n\n.\/queue.o: file format elf64-x86-64\n\nSYMBOL TABLE:\n0000000000000000 l df *ABS*\t0000000000000000 queue.cpp\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\nO.O \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4. queue.o\ub294 \uc544\ubb34 symbol\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ube48 \ud30c\uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\uc55e\uc11c \ud574\uacb0\ub410\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\ub358 header\uc5d0\uc11c template \uc120\uc5b8\uacfc \uad6c\ud604\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 queue.o\uc758 symbol table\uc774 \ube44\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294\uac83\uc740 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0 \uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0, caller\uc778 main.o\uc5d0\ub294 template\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 type\uc5d0 binding\ub418\uc5b4 embed\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. main.o\uc758 symbol\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 mangle\ub41c symbol\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
$ objdump -t .\/main.o\n\n.\/main.o: file format elf64-x86-64\n\nSYMBOL TABLE:\n0000000000000000 l df *ABS*\t0000000000000000 main.cpp\n...\n0000000000000000 w F .text._ZN5queueIiEC2Ev\t0000000000000048 _ZN5queueIiEC1Ev\n0000000000000000 w F .text._ZN5queueIiE4pushEi\t000000000000003f _ZN5queueIiE4pushEi\n...<\/pre>\n\n\n\n